jueves, enero 04, 2007

Del antagonismo al agonismo en el sistema político chileno

El traspaso del poder desde la dictadura militar al régimen denominado en un principio “democracia de los consensos”, significó el fin de los antagonismos en el sistema político chileno, entendidos como las posiciones que son negadas, operan fueran de un discurso determinado, y generan dislocaciones en éste último.
Desde la Teoría del discurso, y utilizando conceptos como Hegemonía, articulación y cadenas de equivalencia –que definimos más adelante- analizaremos como la situación de crisis en que estaba derivando la dictadura militar, dio paso, mediante la articulación política por parte de las elites, a una resignificación de discurso constitutivo de la sociedad chilena, y el establecimiento de una hegemonía de orden neoliberal, que se sitúa sobre el discurso político, absorbiéndolo. Esto, mediante el análisis histórico de hechos significativos en tal proceso y sus implicancias posteriores
¿Cómo se produce éste pasó de un antagonismo de fuerzas sociales, previo a 1988, a un agonismo y una hegemonía Neoliberal después de las elecciones del 5 de octubre?
Podemos decir que antes de 1988 la sociedad chilena se encuentra en una fase de dislocación, entendida como la aparición de fallas y contradicciones en el Discurso autoritario de la dictadura, que generan múltiples discursos, que plantean diversos significantes flotantes como democracia, reconciliación, o levantamiento popular. A partir de 1988, se pasa a una nueva fase, denominada de mito, donde diversas posiciones discursiva luchan por volverse hegemónicas, que posteriormente termina con la sedimentación del discurso neoliberal a partir de 1990.
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